Pipe line cleaner and locator



-June.2 4, 1952 1. R. BRENHQLDT' 2,501,243

PIPE LINE CLEANER AND LocAroR Filed Dec. 30, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 RECEIVER INVENTOR. Irving R. Bren/vo/af 47' T ORA/E Y June 24, 1952 R. BRENHOLDT 2,601,243

PIPE LINE CLEANER AND LOCATOR Filed Dec. 50, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 RECEIVER INVENTOR. Irving R. Brenho/d 147'7'ORNE Y June 24, 1952 l. R. BRENHOLDT PIPE LINE CLEANER AND LOCATOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 30, 1948 June 1952 V l. R. BRENHOLDT 2,601,248

PIPE LINE-3 CLEANER AND LOCATOR g X I I INVEN TOR. Irv/mg R. Bren hold) 47' T ORNE Y June 24, 1952 l. R. BRENHOLDT 2,601,248

PIPE LINE CLEANER AND LOCATOR Filed Dec. 30, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 BMW/M. WW

,, W /L/L A A A A A A A IN V EN TOR.

Irving R. Brenho/a'f BY ATTORNEY Patented June 24, 1952 PIPELINE CLEANER AND LOCATDR "Irving -Brenholdt, Chicago, assignor to -Standard Oil-"Company, Chicago, 111., a corpos.-ration ofilndiana I ApplicationlDecemher 30, 19.4, ,SeriaI.No.68;205

:3aClaims.

This invention relates to apparatus for locating cleaning apparatus in "pipe lines "and has reference more particularly to signaling devices "for locating, or tracing the course of, cleaning apparatus in pipe lines.

Pipe lines *frequentlyibecome obstructed with sediment, deposited 'paraffinsendthe like *and must be cleaned inorder .to restore"normal unobstructed'fiow'of the 'line. devicecommonly employed for such "cleamng is a scraping tapparatus rknown as" a 7 goadevil, which is forced throughpipe lines 'bythe; pressure of fluid-flowing therethrough. The operation ,of' such pipe line cleaners is :attended by the "disadvantage that' they occasionallyencounter"and are stopped by "obstructions; and*are then difiicult to locate particularly inasmuch "as they "are often "employed over considerablet'distances and"their rate of travel can -onlytbe approximated.

It is, therefore, an "object'oPthetpreSent invention to "provide means and "apparatus'ior locating 'go-devils in *pipe lines. It ""is "another object "of the inventi'orr'toprovide Signaling -apparatus whereby the position of the pipe line cleaner "can "be located at *any time during its travel through .a pipe {lineand :so that its rate of 'travel can be accurately determined.

The" inventionhas fOrotherobjects such other advantages orresults -as "will appear in the description or the apparatus "hereinafter given.

The" customary depthor'pipe" lines-renders unsatisfactory "reliance' upon sound emitting devices -for the purpose "of locatingipip'e line scrapers, and furthermore" places "severe limitations upon the type of signal *that may "be 'employed for indicating pipe line scraper location. In addition, theinherentnature'of thepipe line is usually such that the pipe itself awould filter out orblock -the*sigrial"and prevent it 'from reaching the surface. employ-ment of "the Radar echoing method is suitableinsofar'as the fact i that an ultra high frequency" wave would carry through a steep pipe 1 f circular section, but interferences -arising from imperfection in the pipe; suchzasroughness atethe welded joints and corroded sectionsswo'uld seriously "diminish the signal strength both :by;absorption aand' refiection. "Sound waves, -bforementloned, would require anexcessi've "power source in view or the space and weighti limitationsof a signaling device suitable -ior incorporation within the scraper. A- second disadvantage n of sonic nevices is the loss of intensity wirhich occurs -when an acoustical waye travels-Thom the earth 'to 'the air. 'Ihis loss inisintensity i's great enough to incur the disadvantage of "requiring an earth soundingin-orderto 1 pick up the ='signal. High frequency waves would be useless'in' thepresent instance "because of their inability to penetrate the steel walls or "the'pipeline'. The use of radioactive sourcesis: precluded by thefact that earth layers above the p-ipe line 'of greaterdepth than about two feet would' 'require' dangerously strong radioactive sources, for-example, of" considerably greater than a reasonably-safe-10-millicuriesintensity.

-It has now been found that the aforementione'dpbjects "can be" accomplished by the employment of low-frequencyelctromagnetic waves which-will give rise to" an inducedfield external to the pipe "and -'willproduce-a readily identifiable signal at and :above "the surface of 1 the ground. Briefly stated, the present invention comprehends; therefore; theprovision of a source of electromagnetic waves, for "example; a -rotati-ng permanent magnet or an electromagnet oscillating at "low frequency combined with "a pipe line'scraper' insuch manner as not to interfere with" operation" of the latter and suitable receivingapparatus adapted 'to receive, amplify and convert the :electromagnetic impulse 'to"an audible, visual, "or "recorded signal. The low frequency electromagnetic source-is operably connected to power; means, suclras "a battery and motor operated thereby'imthe case: of-the"rotating-permanent magnet, or a "battery: and interrupter in the case ofthe electromagnet. Therotating permanentima-gnet"can;alsobe operated by fluid flow" through elements of the ;pipe cleaner and -be-maintained 'by suitable governor apparatus at a" proper" ratepf rotation so" that there will be emitted awave of identifiable: frequency. Such transmitters 'areiattached'to' the pipeline scraper in-a'mannerso as'not to retard the scraper in its travel. 'The'providedreceiveriapparatus includes, in addition 'to amplifying means-circuits so f arranged as to. filter out adventitiously present signals, "particularly those derived from '60" cycle "current and those arising. from movement of receiver apparatus "in the earths field; "for example'jbot-h Wien filtersan'd negative feed-backfilter circuits are employed. Depending on whether -the "apparatus is to ".be used to record the passing "of the pipe line scraper atanypoint; or whether it isto be transmitted, for example, by-wire1ess=telegraph, to a central receiving station;- or is to be received as an audibIesignaI-in the field, :suitable transmitt ng o receiving apparatus is combined" to"provide-the apparatus of invention. In 'case an apparatus employing a rotating permanent:

magnet;

Figure 2 is a simplified elevational view of a pipe line scraper with parts broken away so as to show assembled therewith the apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a diagram of the wave pattern produced by the apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a transmitter employing an oscillating electromagnet;

Figure 5 is a diagram of the wave pattern produced by the apparatus of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of receiver apparatus suitable for use with either transmitter and adapted to produce an audible signal;

Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of the receiver illustrated schematically in Figure 6; and

Figure 8 is an illustration of typical wave shapes of electromagnetic signals, including superimposed interfering signals, and of a resultant audible signal.

Referring specifically to Figure 1, there is disposed in operative connection a battery 18 which operates a small electric motor l2. The electric motor l2 drives the shaft 14 and a permanent magnet l6, and can, of course, operate through a gear reducer (none shown) if preferred. The magnet I6, which can be a permanent magnet such as Alnico, is mounted on the driven shaft l4 and disposed at right angles to the axis thereof. It is caused to rotate by the described apparatus at a rate of five revolutions per second so as to provide an oscillating magnetic field of five cycles per second. The entire assemblage is mounted on a longitudinally extendin base I8 whereby the assemblage can be inserted into a hollow tube 28 constituting the central shaft of the pipe line scraper illustrated in Figure 2. The tube 20 is preferably constructed of stainless steel and is sealed by a threaded plug 2|. The pipe line scraper of Figure 2 is conventionally equipped with wire brushes 22 and rubber rimmed driving discs 24 and several longitudinally extending supporting tubes or grommet pipes 25 through which the fluid in the pipe line can be permitted to flow during operation of the pipe scraper. The forward end of the scraper relative to its course of travel in the pipe line is constructed in the form of a cone 26 to adapt the scraper as an effective displacement tool.

The electromagnetic wave pattern produced by the rotating magnet I6 is shown in Figure 3 in which the magnet, in operative connection with the remainder of the sending assemblage, is shown for purpose of clarity in considerably enlarged scale in a pipe line 28 at a single position of its rotation. As diagrammatically indicated therein, the magnet l6 produces a primary field shown by lines 38, thereby inducing a secondary external field diagrammatically illustrated by magnetic flux lines 32. The induced field is intercepted by a pick up coil 34 which constitutes an integral part of the receiver apparatus shown in Figure 6. The field which is generated to maximum, reduced to zero, and then reversed by the rotating magnet is detected by the pick-up 4 coil 34 in which a voltage is thereby induced. The signal is amplified, is separated from interfering frequencies and is converted to an audible signal by apparatus hereinafter described.

Shown in Figure 4 is the circuit diagram of a transmitter apparatus 35 that can be arranged similarly to that illustrated in Figure 2 so that this transmitter also can be mounted on the base 18 and inserted in the hollow tube 20 of a pipe line scraper. Transmitter 35 consists of an oscillating, battery-powered electromagnet circuit and an interrupter circuit. The interrupter circuit comprises a battery 44 which supplies current through a lead 45 in which is disposed a manually operated switch 46, an armature 41, a wound core 48 and a condenser 49. The oscillator operates in a conventional manner; current flowing through the wound core 48 attracts the armature 41 thereby causing movement of the armature and the breaking of the said interrupter circuit. The armature 41 is held in retained position against the wound core 48 for a brief moment longer by the fiow back of current previously stored in the condenser 45. When this charge is dissipated, the armature is released and current again flows into the wound core 48. The period of this oscillation can be controlled by selecting the capacity of the condenser 49. In the present embodiment, the selected condenser is of such capacity that an oscillation of five times per second is obtained. When the armature is held in such position that the interrupter circuit is opened, the electromagnet circuit including lead 58 will be closed. This circuit comprises the said lead, a battery 5 I, the armature 41 and an electromagnet 52 consisting of a wound iron core. A condenser 54 is disposed across the lead 58 for the purpose of preventing sparking at the armature.

This embodiment, in which transmitters employing oscillating electromagnets broadcast the electromagnetic signal, isdescribed and claimed in my copending application, Ser. No. 170,611 filed June 27, 1950'.

The field produced by the said electromagnet 52 is shown diagrammatically in Figure 5. The electromagnet 52 of Figure 5 is shown separated from other elements of its assemblage disposed longitudinally in a pipe 28. A primary field produced by the electromagnet at one point in its oscillation is indicated by magnetic flux lines 53 and the secondary induced field by lines 56. Disposed within the electromagnetic secondary field is the pick-up coil 34 Which forms an integral part of the receiver apparatus described in Figures 6 and 7.

Referring now to the schematic diagram of the detector apparatus illustrated in Figure 6, the pick-up coil 34 intercepts the oscillating magnetic field shown in Figures 3 and 5. The voltage impressed upon the pick-up coil 34 includes all undesirable signals of varying frequencies. A major portion of the low frequencies incidentally produced by movement in the earth's field of the detector apparatus, which can be portable and is ordinarily housed in a carrying case, are eliminated by a high-pass filter 58. The resultant signal is directed to an amplifier circuit 68. The amplified signal is thereafter directed to a pair of interference filters 62 designed to eliminate particularly sixty cycle signals that may be induced by nearby power transmission lines and includes a negative feed-back circuit shown in greater detail in Figure 7. The resultant five cycle per second signal is amplified by anamplifier circuit 64 and an:additional amplifierfl" and serves to key a 1,000:cycle,per second signal; produced by the saw-tooth-wave: neon tube generator 66. The modulated wave form so produced is thereafter directed to a. bias gridzpentode'cire cuit or cut-ofi' amplifier circ'uitrIi8 whereby the 1,000 cycles per second signal is permitted to pass only at 5 cyclesiper second intervals. This audible signal is received by crystal earphones I0. The amplifiers 60, 64, 05, and 68 are power supplied by a battery I2.

Figure 7 shows in considerably greater-detail the electrical circuit constituting the receiver apparatus. Extending from the pick-up coi1 34 are leads I4 and across'which isconnectedia condenser lt tuned in resonancewith'th'e coil 04 at the frequency of 5 cycles per second. A condenser 80 disposed in line 'I4-constitutesthehighpass filter 58 for incidental elimination of the very low frequencies generated bywaving the receiving case, and acts further as'acoupling condenser. Disposed across the leads I4 and 'IS'is a grid resistor 82. Pentode 84 of conventional construction consists of .a filament 88 supplied through a lead (not shown) by a battery 81, controlled grid 88, screen grid 90, suppressor grid 02 and plate 04 upon which is imposed a voltage of volts supplied through lead 96 having disposed therein a plate load resistor 08, and bypass condenser 99. A coupling or blocking condenser I00 delivers the amplified signal from the pentode 04 to a Wien type interference filter 02 of conventional arrangement. The circuit includes condensers I02, I04, and I06 and resistors I08, H0, and H2. The values of thesecomponents are selected so as to eliminate 60 cycle frequencies. The resulting voltage filtered at 60 cycle interfering frequency, is imposed on an interference filter and 5 cycle amplifier which includes condensers H4, H6, and H8 and resistors I20, I22 and I24. The interference filteris a part of a negative feed-back circuit which also includes resistor I26, grid resistor I28, plate load resistor I34, coupling condenser I38, and pentode I30. The pentode I30, upon whichis imposed a plate voltage of 45volts from the lead 96 and plate load resistor I34 delivers a reversed signal containing all frequencies received from interference filter 62 to the lead I 36, containing the coupling condenser I38. All such frequencies are fed through to the interference filter in reversed phase to the input lead of amplifier tube I30 with the exception of the 5 cycle signal which is-removed by the filter. The undesirablefrequencies'are thereby canceled out by the reversed phase signals. The remaining amplified 5cycle signal which alone remains and is present on the output lead I36 is thereafter delivered to the amplifier circuit 05 containing; conventional. grid resistor I40, pentode I42, plate load resistor I44, and coupling condenser I46. The saw-toothwave neon tube generator 66 comprises a resistor I48 through which voltage is delivered from the lead I50 and in operation a reduced voltage of approximately 75 volts exists across the neon tube I52. Disposed in the generator circuit is a condenser I54 of such capacity that the neon tube will become ionized and conduct accumulated charge from the said condenser I54 away to ground at intervals of approximately 1000 cycles per second. The modulated signal comprising both 1000 cycles per second and 5 cycles per second frequencies is produced in a lead I50 from the coupling condenser I46 to the cut-off amplifier circuit 68 that comprises a negative grid bias battery I58, a resistor I60, a pentode I02 of conventional construction, a plate load resistor I64.and a coupling condenser I50. The cut-off amplifier 68 functions in such manner that the modulated wave signal delivered thereto decreases the negativepotential on the grid of the pentode I02 at those moments at which the aforesaid signal is at a maximum positive.potentialandtherefore a signal, similar to that. shown in Figure 8, wave diagram G, is delivered to the said earphones I0. The battery power supply I2 imposes approximately ,45 volts positivel potential uponthe screen grids of the pentodes 84, I30, I42, and I62 and a 90 volt. potential is supplied through leads 90 and I50 to the various resistors, disposed therebetween and the plates 94' of the. pentodes.

The table of preferred values for the'above described circuit in one employed embodiment of the apparatus is hereinafter given:

Condensers Microfarads 78 07 80 005 I 100, 138, 146. .01 114, 11s f 02 102, 104, 106. .001 106.. 013 116. 015

(150 volts) 0002 Resistors Megohms Volts In summation of the description of apparatus providing an electromagnetic signal which is amplified and converted to an audible impulse, Figure 8 consists of a series'of wave patterns such as are produced by thehereinbefore described apparatus. Curve A illustrates the polarity and intensity of the electromagnetic field-produced by the rotating permanent magnet l6. Curve B illustrates the voltage induced in the pick-up coil 34 by the said field produced by the rotating permanent magnet I6, and shows the influence or" a hypothetical group of interfering signals, including both 60 cycle signals and those induced by movement of the transmitter in the earths field. Curve C shows the voltage input to amplifier at which point substantially all interfering signals have been eliminated. Curve D indicates the intensity and polarity of the electromagnetic field induced by the oscillating electromagnetic transmitter described in Figure 4. The voltage input to the first amplifier of the receiver apparatus described in Figures 6 and '7 that is provided by the electromagnetic field illustrated in Curve D is shown without a superimposition of interfering signals in Curve E. Curve F represents the 1000 cycle per second saw-tooth wave provided by the neon tube generator 60. Curve G represents the resultant audible signal provided by a modulation of the amplified 5 cycle per second signal with the 1000 cycle per second signal, and a subsequent amplification of the 1000 cycle per second signal at cycle per second intervals. Curve G corresponds to the audible signal that is obtained as a resultant of the amplification and conversion of either the electromagnetic signal indicated in Curve A or that shown in Curve D.

It is understood that the combination of invention is not limited to the receiver apparatus hereinbefore described but that other conventional filtering and amplifying circuits may be employed. Further, the signal need not be converted to an audible impulse in the manner described, but rather it may as well be employed to alert the visual signal or to excite sending apparatus disposed, for example, at fixed points along a pipe line whereby a path of a pipe line scraper can be followed to a central station.

The said pipe line scrapers are used extensively in pipe lines employed for handling petroleum products. Long distance petroleum pipe lines are usually supplied with traps into which the godevils and accumulated sediment will be delivered and from which both can readily be removed. An advantage of the present invention accrues in the fact that the locating signal apprises those at the surface of the presence of the pipe cleaner and avoids the need of havin operating crews stand idle for extended periods waiting for its arrival.

Having now described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In locatable pipe cleaner apparatus having a transmitter integrally assembled to travel with a pipe line scraper and a selective amplifier receiver to detect the presence of the scraper in a pipe by receiving and amplifying a fixed-frequency magnetic signal from the transmitter, the apparatus comprising: a battery supported within a hollow housing disposed along the axis of the scraper; a constant-speed motor driven by the battery in wired connection therewith and also contained Within the hollow housing; a permanent magnet mounted on a shaft driven by the said motor and disposed within the hollow housing and rotated at a uniform rate so that a magnetic field excited in the pipe by the permanent magnet will reverse in polarity at a uniform, low frequency and induce a secondary magnetic field outside the pipe to which the said selective amplifier is responsive to detect the presence of the said scraper.

2. A signal transmitter for use with a pipe line scraper and for transmitting a magnetic signal to a selective amplifier receiver for indicating the presence of the scraper in a pipe by receiving and amplifying a magnetic signal of fixed frequency regardless of any relative motion between the scraper and the pipe, which transmitter comprises. a closed hollow tube disposed along the axis .of the scraper, a battery enclosed in said tube, a constant speed motor enclosed in said tube and powered by the said battery to operate continuously regardless of relative movement between the scraper and the pipe, a permanent magnet mounted on a shaft driven by said motor and enclosed in said tube, said magnet being mounted at right angles to the axis of said pipe, whereby the magnet is rotated by said motor at such a uniform rate that a magnetic field excited in the pipe by the permanent magnet will reverse at a fixed low frequency and thereby induce a secondary magnetic field outside of the pipe to which field said receiver is responsive to indicate the presence of the scraper.

3. A signal transmitter for use with a. pipe line scraper without interfering with passage of the scraper through a pipe line and for transmitting a magnetic signal to a selective amplifier re ceiver for indicating the presence of the scraper in a pipe by receiving and amplifying a magnetic signal of uniform low frequency independent of any relative motion between the scraper and the pipe, which transmitter comprises a closed housing carried by said scraper for movement therewith through the pipe, a magnet mounted for rotation in said housing in a plane transverse to the axis of the pipe, a housed battery-driven motor also carried by said scraper and operatively engaging said magnet for effecting rotation thereof at constant rate independent of any relative movement between the scraper and the pipe, and a housed battery also carried by said scraper and electrically connected to drive said motor whereby the magnet is rotated by said battery-driven motor in a plane transverse to the pipe axis at such uniform low rate that a reversing magnetic field is excited in the pipe at a uniform low frequency and a secondary magnetic field is induced outside of the pipe to which last named field the selective amplifier receiver is responsive to indicate the presence of the scraper.

IRVING R. BRENHOLDT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 658,013 Iddings et a1 Sept. 18, 1900 1,662,429 Lowy Mar. 13, 1928 2,092,951 Blake Sept. 14, 1937 2,192,765 Blake Mar. 5, 1940 2,428,326 Fay Sept. 30, 1947 2 ,542,893 Bender et a1 Feb. 20, 1951 

